Sentence builder

Ce dont je doute, c'est de cette conclusion: French pseudo-clefts

Build French pseudo-clefts with ce dont, ce à quoi and ce que. Preserve the complement required by avoir besoin de, tenir à and vouloir.

In short

Keep the verb’s complement relation when you build the focus construction. Avoir besoin de gives ce dont nous avons besoin; tenir à gives ce à quoi nous tenons; a direct object gives ce que nous voulons. The following c’est highlights the complement.

Yellow the idea to rememberBlue French to learn

A wooden peg fits inside the round opening of a ceramic vessel patterned with leaves.
The construction keeps the verb’s required preposition. Illustration: Atelier

These pseudo-clefts organise a contrast in formal argument. Begin from the plain construction, identify whether it takes de, à or a direct object, then preserve that relation in the focused sentence. A complex-looking opener should not obscure the verb’s ordinary syntax.

From the plain construction
Plain FrenchFocused construction
Je doute de cette conclusion.Ce dont je doute, c’est de cette conclusion.
Nous avons besoin d’un critère.Ce dont nous avons besoin, c’est d’un critère.
Nous tenons à la transparence.Ce à quoi nous tenons, c’est à la transparence.
Nous voulons une règle claire.Ce que nous voulons, c’est une règle claire.

Build the focused sentence

Tap the words in the right order. Tap a placed word to send it back.

  1. Focus the complement of avoir besoin de.

  2. Focus the complement of tenir à.

  3. Focus the direct object of demander.

  4. Focus the complement of parler de.

  5. Focus the complement of renoncer à.

  6. Focus the direct object of montrer.

Focus a real distinction

Ce dont nous avons besoin, ce n’est pas d’un nouveau slogan, mais d’un calendrier réalisable.

What we need is a workable timetable rather than a new slogan.

The contrast is useful because it identifies what is being substituted or prioritised. If the sentence merely repeats an obvious point in a longer form, a direct clause may be better. In speech, a clear pause can help the listener follow the two-part architecture, but this written task does not assess prosody.

Question 1No account needed
Which follows tenir à?

Choose one answer.

Answer and explanation

Ce à quoi. The à complement relation is preserved in ce à quoi.

Question 2No account needed
Which follows parler de?

Choose one answer.

Answer and explanation

Ce dont. Dont resumes the de-related complement.

Question 3No account needed
What should determine the form?

Choose one answer.

Answer and explanation

The verb’s construction. Recover the underlying syntax before adding focus.