Conjugation table

Commencer conjugation: where French needs ç and where it does not

Learn commencer with and without ç: nous commençons, nous commencions and six later-tense tables. Practise spelling, auxiliaries and commencer à.

In short

Write ç before a or o to keep the /s/ sound: je commençais, nous commençons. Keep plain c before e or i: je commence, nous commencions. The present is je commence, tu commences, il/elle commence, nous commençons, vous commencez, ils/elles commencent.

Yellow the idea to rememberBlue French to learn

A headset and microphone beside a notebook, with orange sound waves.
Keep the /s/ sound when the following letter changes: commençons, commencions. Illustration: Atelier

Start with the present spelling change

Only the present nous form needs ç: nous commençons. The other present endings begin with e, so c already represents the required /s/ sound. A cedilla is a spelling tool here, not an extra tense ending. Commençons still has the ordinary nous ending ons.

Nous commençons le cours à neuf heures.

We start the class at nine.

Commencer can take a thing directly: commencer le cours. Before another verb, use commencer à plus the infinitive: Je commence à comprendre. Commencer par introduces the first item or action in a sequence: Je commence par une question. The word after commencer tells you which pattern is being used.

Seven-tense reference with later forms to revisit

The present is the A1 core. The later sections show how the same spelling rule works as endings change. In the imperfect, a begins four endings, so four persons need ç. Nous commencions and vous commenciez have i after c and keep plain c. Future forms keep the infinitive spelling commencer-, with no cedilla.

Infinitive
commencer
Past participle
commencé
Present participle
commençant
Auxiliary
avoir

PrésentStart something now or as part of a schedule.

jecommence
tucommences
il / elle / oncommence
nouscommençons
vouscommencez
ils / ellescommencent

Le film commence à vingt heures.
The film starts at eight in the evening.

Passé composéReport a completed start.

j’ai commencé
tuas commencé
il / elle / ona commencé
nousavons commencé
vousavez commencé
ils / ellesont commencé

J’ai commencé un nouveau livre.
I started a new book.

ImparfaitDescribe a recurring past start or a start in progress.

jecommençais
tucommençais
il / elle / oncommençait
nouscommencions
vouscommenciez
ils / ellescommençaient

Nous commencions toujours par une chanson.
We always used to start with a song.

Futur simpleAnnounce when something will start.

jecommencerai
tucommenceras
il / elle / oncommencera
nouscommencerons
vouscommencerez
ils / ellescommenceront

Vous commencerez demain matin.
You will start tomorrow morning.

Conditionnel présentDescribe a start under a condition.

jecommencerais
tucommencerais
il / elle / oncommencerait
nouscommencerions
vouscommenceriez
ils / ellescommenceraient

Avec ton accord, je commencerais par le salon.
With your agreement, I would start with the living room.

Subjonctif présentFollow an expression such as il faut que. Read the forms with que before the subject.

jecommence
tucommences
il / elle / oncommence
nouscommencions
vouscommenciez
ils / ellescommencent

Il faut que nous commencions à l’heure.
We need to start on time.

ImpératifGive an instruction to begin.

(tu)commence
(nous)commençons
(vous)commencez

Commençons par les présentations.
Let’s begin with introductions.

Look at the letter immediately after c

The next letter decides the spelling
FormNext letterChoice
nous commençonsoç keeps /s/.
je commençaisaç keeps /s/.
nous commencionsiPlain c already gives /s/.
vous commencezePlain c already gives /s/.
  • Nous commencons.Nous commençons.

    Before o, use ç to retain the /s/ sound in this verb.

  • Nous commençions.Nous commencions.

    Before i, plain c already has the required sound, so there is no cedilla.

  • Je commence apprendre.Je commence à apprendre.

    Commencer à introduces the infinitive when you begin doing an action.

Question 1No account needed
Choose the present nous form.

Choose one answer.

Answer and explanation

Nous commençons. The present nous ending begins with o, so the verb uses ç: commençons.

Question 2No account needed
Why does nous commencions have no cedilla?

Choose one answer.

Answer and explanation

The letter after c is i.. C already has the /s/ sound before i. Other imperfect persons have a and therefore need ç.

Question 3No account needed
Which sentence uses commencer with an infinitive?

Choose one answer.

Answer and explanation

Je commence à lire.. Commencer à plus lire expresses beginning the action of reading.

Question 4No account needed
Which future form is correct?

Choose one answer.

Answer and explanation

Je commencerai. The future keeps commencer- and adds ai. The c is followed by e, so no cedilla is needed.