Cheat sheet · A1–A2 · printable

French negation cheat sheet: ne … pas and the rest

Everything about saying no in French on one sheet: where ne and pas go, the other negatives, compound tenses, pronouns, and what changes in conversation.

La négation · fiche

1 · The basic pattern

Ne goes before the verb, pas after it. Ne becomes n’ before a vowel.

Je ne parle pas allemand.I don’t speak German.

Il n’aime pas le café.He doesn’t like coffee.

2 · Other negatives

They all work like ne … pas.

ne … jamaisnever
ne … plusno longer, not any more
ne … riennothing
ne … personnenobody
ne … aucun(e)not a single
ne … ni … nineither … nor
ne … queonly (a restriction, not a negative)

3 · Compound tenses

Ne … pas surrounds the auxiliary. Personne and aucun go after the participle.

Je n’ai pas mangé.I haven’t eaten.

Je n’ai vu personne.I didn’t see anyone.

4 · With an infinitive

Ne pas stays together, in front of the infinitive.

Il préfère ne pas venir.He’d rather not come.

Merci de ne pas fumer.Please don’t smoke.

5 · With pronouns

Object pronouns stay next to the verb, inside the negation.

Je ne le vois pas.I don’t see him.

Je ne l’ai pas vu.I didn’t see him.

6 · Un, une, du, des become de

After a negative verb, except être.

Je n’ai pas de voiture.I don’t have a car.

Ce n’est pas un problème.It isn’t a problem. (être keeps un)

7 · As the subject

Rien and personne can start the sentence. Ne stays, pas disappears.

Personne n’est venu.Nobody came.

Rien ne marche.Nothing works.

8 · In conversation

Speakers often drop ne. Keep it in writing and in formal speech.

J’sais pas.Dunno. (informal speech)

— Tu viens ? — Pas du tout. / Moi non plus.Not at all. / Me neither.

Try it

Two quick checks

QuestionNo account needed
Make the sentence negative.J’ai vu quelqu’un.

Choose one answer.

Answer and explanation

Je n’ai vu personne.. Personne comes after the past participle, and it replaces pas: je n’ai vu personne.

QuestionNo account needed
Make the sentence negative.Il a des amis à Paris.

Choose one answer.

Answer and explanation

Il n’a pas d’amis à Paris.. Des becomes de after a negative verb, and de becomes d’ before a vowel: pas d’amis.

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