Verb drill

French gérondif formation: a nous-stem drill with exceptions

Build en parlant, en finissant and en prenant from the present nous form. Practise spelling changes, three exceptions and reflexive pronouns.

In short

For most verbs, take the present nous form, remove -ons and add -ant, then put en before it: nous parlons → en parlant. Learn three exceptions: en ayant, en étant, en sachant. The participle stays the same for every person.

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Two friends talking while walking along a quiet French riverside path.
A shared walk illustrates en parlant. Illustration: Atelier
Study first: start from the actual nous form
InfinitiveNous presentGérondif
parlerparlonsen parlant
finirfinissonsen finissant
partirpartonsen partant
prendreprenonsen prenant
fairefaisonsen faisant
mangermangeonsen mangeant
commencercommençonsen commençant
étudierétudionsen étudiant

The -iss- in finissant comes from finissons. It belongs to that verb’s stem; partir gives partant. Keep the sound-preserving spelling in mangeant and commençant: the e keeps the soft g, and the cedilla keeps the soft c before a.

en ayant / en étant / en sachanthaving / being / knowing

Focus: three exceptional participles

Il a accepté en sachant que le délai était court.
He agreed knowing that the deadline was short.

en me levant / en nous levantwhile getting up: I / we

Focus: the reflexive pronoun changes with the subject

Nous discutons en nous promenant.
We chat while walking.

Where does the pronoun go with the gérondif?

One participle, five reflexive pronouns
SubjectGérondif
jeen me préparant
tuen te préparant
il / elle / ils / ellesen se préparant
nousen nous préparant
vousen vous préparant

En stays separate before a vowel: en écoutant. With a reflexive verb, elide the pronoun where needed: en m’habillant. In elles avancent en parlant, the feminine plural subject leaves parlant unchanged. The gérondif is a verb form, so it takes neither a feminine -e nor a plural -s.

First type the whole gérondif, including en. In the sentence section, type only the missing participle or pronoun-plus-participle; en is already printed. Accents, the cedilla and the stem all count.

1 · Write en + the participle

  • parler
  • finir
  • partir
  • manger
  • commencer
  • avoir
  • être
  • savoir

2 · Keep the stem; choose the pronoun

  1. Elle révise en la radio. (écouter)
  2. Nous discutons en . (se promener)
  3. Je réfléchis en . (s’habiller)
  4. Elles ont appris en des erreurs. (faire)

Gérondif or present participle?

Les personnes attendant dehors peuvent entrer.

The people waiting outside can come in.

Here the bare present participle describes the people. A gérondif adds a circumstance to an action; it includes en. The related page on present participles explores that contrast.