Scale

How sure are you? French from peut-être to certainement

A scale of certainty in French, from peut-être and probablement to sûrement and certainement, with the catch that sûrement often means probably.

In short

From least to most sure: peut-être, il se peut que, probablement, sans doute, sûrement, certainement, sans aucun doute. Careful: sans doute and sûrement sound certain but usually mean "probably". For real certainty, say sans aucun doute or c'est sûr.

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Two friends watch a football pitch before a match in a French town.
Peut-être leaves the match's outcome open. Illustration: Atelier

From maybe to certain

certain

  1. Sans aucun doute.Without any doubt.Real certainty.
  2. Certainement.Certainly.
  3. Sûrement.Most likely.Also weaker than it looks.
  4. Sans doute.Probably, no doubt.Despite the words, it's not 100%!
  5. Probablement.Probably.
  6. Il se peut qu'il pleuve.It might rain.Il se peut que + subjunctive.
  7. Peut-être.Maybe.Pure possibility.

not sure

Hear it in use

Avant le match
  1. Ami

    Tu crois qu'on va gagner ?

    Do you think we'll win?

  2. Toi

    Sûrement, ils jouent à domicile.

    Most likely, they're playing at home.

  3. Ami

    Et Mbappé va marquer ?

    And will Mbappé score?

  4. Toi

    Peut-être… mais il se peut qu'il soit blessé.

    Maybe… but he might be injured.

The surprise for English speakers is that sans doute (literally "without doubt") now means "probably". To remove all doubt, French adds aucun: sans aucun doute. In writing, vraisemblablement (in all likelihood) is a formal synonym of probablement.

Il arrivera vraisemblablement en fin de journée.

He will in all likelihood arrive at the end of the day.

Formal: vraisemblablement = probably.

C'est sûr et certain !

It's absolutely certain!

A spoken double for emphasis.

  • Il se peut qu'il pleut.Il se peut qu'il pleuve.

    Il se peut que takes the subjunctive.

  • Sans doute, j'en suis absolument certain.Sans aucun doute, j'en suis certain.

    Use sans aucun doute for full certainty.

Question 1No account needed
Which is the most certain?

Choose one answer.

Answer and explanation

sans aucun doute. Only sans aucun doute removes the doubt.

Question 2No account needed
Il viendra sans doute means…

Choose one answer.

Answer and explanation

He'll probably come.. Sans doute = probably. Check it in the text above.