French analytical reports: separate findings, interpretation and advice

Build a clear French analytical report from one observation. Compare constat, interprétation and recommandation, then revise overstatements in a short quiz.

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In short

Use constat for what was observed, interprétation for what it may mean and recommandation for what you propose. Compare l’affiche indiquait, cette information peut orienter and nous recommandons de remplacer.

Yellow the idea to rememberBlue French to learn

Two colleagues discussing the observations in a draft report.
A careful review separates le constat from the proposed action. Illustration: Atelier

How do you separate findings and advice in a French report?

Pendant la relecture du rapport
  1. Rédactrice

    J’ai écrit : « Les visiteurs se trompent d’adresse. Il faut tout refaire. »

    I wrote: “Visitors go to the wrong address. Everything needs redoing.”

  2. Relecteur

    Qu’avez-vous observé exactement ?

    What exactly did you observe?

  3. Rédactrice

    Lors de deux visites, l’affiche à l’entrée indiquait l’ancienne adresse de l’accueil.

    On two visits, the notice at the entrance showed reception’s old address.

  4. Relecteur

    Voilà le constat. Séparons maintenant le risque et l’action proposée.

    There is the finding. Now let’s separate the risk and the proposed action.

ConstatFinding

Focus: what was recorded, with its scope

Lors de deux visites, l’affiche à l’entrée indiquait encore l’ancienne adresse du bureau d’accueil.
On two visits, the notice at the entrance still displayed the reception office’s old address.

InterprétationInterpretation

Focus: a consequence or explanation drawn from the finding

Cette information périmée peut orienter les visiteurs vers une adresse qui n’est plus la bonne.
This outdated information may direct visitors to an address that is no longer correct.

RecommandationRecommendation

Focus: an action proposed by the writer

Nous recommandons de remplacer l’adresse sur l’affiche avant la prochaine ouverture au public.
We recommend replacing the address on the notice before the next public opening.

Read the three functions in one short report

Lors de deux visites, l’affiche à l’entrée indiquait encore l’ancienne adresse du bureau d’accueil. Aucun relevé des déplacements des visiteurs n’a été effectué. Cette information périmée peut donc les orienter vers une adresse incorrecte ; l’ampleur de cet effet reste à mesurer. Nous recommandons de mettre l’affiche à jour avant la prochaine ouverture au public et de vérifier les autres supports d’orientation.

On two visits, the notice at the entrance still displayed the reception office’s old address. No record of visitors’ movements was made. This outdated information may therefore direct them to an incorrect address; the extent of this effect remains to be measured. We recommend updating the notice before the next public opening and checking the other wayfinding materials.

Let the verbs carry the status
French wordingWhat the reader can conclude
indiquait encoreThe old address was visible at the two visits.
peut orienterThe writer identifies a possible consequence.
reste à mesurerThe visitor effect has yet to be measured.
nous recommandons deThe writer is proposing an action.
a été mise à jourThe update is complete: use this only after it happens.
  • Tous les visiteurs sont envoyés à la mauvaise adresse.L’affiche consultée lors de deux visites indiquait l’ancienne adresse.

    The revised finding reports what was checked. Tous les visiteurs would need information about every visitor.

  • Tous les supports sont erronés : il faut les vérifier.Nous recommandons de vérifier les autres supports d’orientation.

    A proposed check is clear on its own. It leaves the condition of the other materials open.

  • L’adresse sera corrigée demain.Nous recommandons de corriger l’adresse avant la prochaine ouverture.

    The first sentence announces a scheduled action. The second states the report writer’s proposal.

Question 1No account needed
Which sentence belongs under Constat?

Choose one answer.

Answer and explanation

L’affiche indiquait l’ancienne adresse lors des deux visites.. This states the observed address at the two visits. The other options propose or interpret.

Question 2No account needed
Which sentence recommends a check of other materials?

Choose one answer.

Answer and explanation

Nous recommandons de vérifier les autres supports.. The recommendation asks for a check while keeping its outcome open.

Question 3No account needed
What additional evidence would support a statement about how often visitors go to the wrong address?

Choose one answer.

Answer and explanation

Records of visitors’ routes during a defined period.. Visitor-route records would address actual behaviour and its frequency.

Question 4No account needed
The team has now replaced the sign. Which update reports that completed action?

Choose one answer.

Answer and explanation

L’affiche a été remplacée.. A été remplacée is a completed passive action and agrees with affiche.