Verb drill

Before shortening a French time clause, check who acts

Keep the same actors when rewriting avant que and après que clauses. Compare timelines, practise six verb forms and test three meaning-preserving rewrites.

In short

Name the actor of each action before you shorten a time clause. In Après avoir terminé ses études, Nora a commencé à travailler, Nora performs both actions; if the original names two different people, keep their subjects explicit.

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A graduate in ordinary clothes begins work at a French office desk, closed plain books nearby.
Apr’s avoir terminé ses études, Nora starts work. Illustration: Atelier

When can you shorten a French time clause?

Read the actor map first
Source sentenceFirst actionSecond action
Après que Samir a répondu, Nora a confirmé la décision.Samir replies.Nora confirms.
Après que Nora a répondu, elle a confirmé la décision.Nora replies.Nora confirms.

Après avoir répondu, Nora a confirmé la décision.

After replying, Nora confirmed the decision.

This shorter sentence matches the second row: Nora replies and confirms.

The shortened sentence is grammatical for Nora’s two actions. It changes the first row, where Samir replies. A correct auxiliary and participle cannot save a rewrite that gives the action to the wrong person.

Keep earlier and later in the same order

Study first: actor and order
PatternExampleTimeline
avant de + infinitiveAvant de commencer, Nora relit la consigne.Nora rereads, then starts.
avant que + subject + subjunctiveNora répond avant que Samir parte.Nora replies, then Samir leaves.
après + past infinitiveAprès être partie, Nora a changé d’avis.Nora leaves, then changes her mind.
après que + subject + indicativeNora a répondu après que Samir est parti.Samir leaves, then Nora replies.

For the past infinitive, choose the auxiliary for the verb: avoir terminé, but être parti. With être, the participle agrees with the understood subject: Nora, après être partie; les deux sœurs, après être parties.

  • Avant de partir, la décision a été confirmée par Nora.Avant de partir, Nora a confirmé la décision.

    Name Nora as the main subject when she both confirms the decision and leaves.

  • Après avoir répondu, Nora a confirmé la décision.Après que Samir a répondu, Nora a confirmé la décision.

    Use the full clause when the source assigns the reply to Samir and the confirmation to Nora.

Complete the six lines, then check the meaning questions. The short hints identify the verb and actor. The infinitive lines share their actor with the main clause; the full clauses keep a named subject of their own.

1 · Six forms, with the actor kept in view

  1. Après ses études, Lina a cherché un emploi. (terminer · Lina)
  2. Après , Nora a appelé Samir. (partir · Nora)
  3. Après , les deux sœurs ont appelé leur mère. (arriver · les deux sœurs)
  4. Avant , nous relisons la consigne. (commencer · nous)
  5. Avant que Lina , Samir veut lui parler. (partir · subjonctif présent)
  6. Nora a répondu après que Samir . (partir · passé composé)

Question 1No account needed
Choose the rewrite that keeps both actors.Marc a terminé. Ensuite, Lina est partie.

Choose one answer.

Answer and explanation

Après que Marc a terminé, Lina est partie.. Marc finishes and Lina leaves. The explicit subjects preserve both roles.

Question 2No account needed
Who is understood to finish here?Après avoir terminé, Nora a appelé Samir.

Choose one answer.

Answer and explanation

Nora.. The opening infinitive shares the main subject Nora in this sentence.

Question 3No account needed
Which action comes first?Samir répond avant que Nora parte.

Choose one answer.

Answer and explanation

Samir replies.. Avant que Nora parte places the departure after Samir’s reply.