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French impersonal conclusions: eight questions on what follows

Edited by Chris Lee · Updated · About the library

Test il ressort que, il s’ensuit que and force est de constater que. Eight questions separate source claims, inferences, emphasis and pending results.

In short

Il ressort de… que presents a conclusion drawn from named material. Il s’ensuit que presents what follows from a previous claim. Force est de constater que presses an observation on the reader. Read the content after que, including its negatives, quantities and words such as encore.

Yellow the idea to rememberBlue French to learn

An organiser checks a blank phone beside closed meeting folders in a French office.
Il reste à confirmer leaves the final arrangement open. Illustration: Atelier
Study first: three frames, three jobs
FrameExampleJob
Il ressort de… queIl ressort des réponses que plusieurs dates conviennent.Reports what the responses are said to show.
Il s’ensuit queAucune date ne convient à tous. Il s’ensuit que nous devons chercher un compromis.Presents a consequence or inference.
Force est de constater queForce est de constater que la décision reste difficile.Presents an observation emphatically.

These frames organise an argument. To assess it, ask what material is named, what conclusion is attached to it and whether the conclusion stays within that material’s scope. Plusieurs supplies no exact count; pourrions marks a possibility; pas encore leaves a state pending.

Read this note for questions 1–5

Il ressort des messages que plusieurs dates circulent. Il ne s’ensuit pas que toutes ces dates soient fausses. Force est de constater que la date finale n’est pas encore indiquée. Nous pourrions demander une confirmation.

It emerges from the messages that several dates are circulating. It does not follow that all these dates are wrong. We must acknowledge that the final date is not indicated yet. We could ask for confirmation.

How do you read il ressort que and similar conclusions?

For the passage, a compact reading note is: “The messages contain several dates; the final date is still unspecified. Asking for confirmation is an option.” That keeps the source, the unresolved result and the possible action. If you can read the messages themselves, compare their wording with the author’s summary.

Il ressort de trois réponses que cette date convient à leurs auteurs.

Three replies indicate that this date suits their authors.

The claim concerns the writers of those replies. Extending it to the whole group would change its scope.

  1. Question 1No account needed
    1 · What material is named as the basis for the first claim?

    Choose one answer.

    Answer and explanation

    The messages.. Des messages names the material from which the writer draws the conclusion about several dates.

  2. Question 2No account needed
    2 · What does plusieurs dates establish?

    Choose one answer.

    Answer and explanation

    Several dates, with no exact count.. Plusieurs indicates a plural set but supplies no exact number or exhaustive list.

  3. Question 3No account needed
    3 · What does the negated inference establish?

    Choose one answer.

    Answer and explanation

    The messages alone do not justify concluding that every date is false.. Il ne s’ensuit pas que rejects an inference. It does not identify a correct date.

  4. Question 4No account needed
    4 · What is the current state of the final date?

    Choose one answer.

    Answer and explanation

    It is not indicated yet.. Pas encore means “not yet”. It leaves later confirmation open and reports no private confirmation.

  5. Question 5No account needed
    5 · Has confirmation been requested?

    Choose one answer.

    Answer and explanation

    The note presents requesting it as an option.. Nous pourrions demander expresses a possible next step. It reports neither a request nor a reply.

  6. Question 6No account needed
    6 · What is the role of the final sentence?Il faut l’accord de tous pour continuer. Nora n’a pas encore donné le sien. Il s’ensuit que nous devons attendre.

    Choose one answer.

    Answer and explanation

    It presents waiting as a consequence.. Il s’ensuit que presents waiting as following from the requirement for everyone’s agreement and Nora’s pending agreement.

  7. Question 7No account needed
    7 · What does the introductory frame add?Force est de constater que seules trois personnes ont répondu.

    Choose one answer.

    Answer and explanation

    Emphasis on the observation.. Force est de constater que stresses the observation. The number of replies comes from trois.

  8. Question 8No account needed
    8 · Which paraphrase keeps the source claim within its stated scope?Il ressort des réponses reçues que certaines sont incomplètes.

    Choose one answer.

    Answer and explanation

    Some replies are incomplete.. Certaines restricts the observation to some replies. The sentence says nothing about every participant or future replies.

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