Common mistakes

Préjudice or préjugé? Harm, prejudice and bias in French

Distinguish préjudice, préjugé, biais and dommage with social and formal examples. Correct translations about harm, judgements and loss.

In short

French un préjudice means harm or loss suffered. A preconceived judgement is un préjugé, often plural in avoir des préjugés. For a systematic slant in selection, measurement or reasoning, use un biais. Choose by meaning before translating the English word “prejudice”.

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A young career changer collaborating thoughtfully with an older colleague at a French workshop workbench, plain tools, no paperwork or labels.
Working together can change un préjugé. Illustration: Atelier
  • un préjudicea preconceived judgementharm or loss suffered

    Cette erreur m’a causé un préjudice financier.This error caused me financial loss.

    For a preconceived judgement about a group, use un préjugé.

  • un préjugédamage or compensationa preconceived judgement

    Elle remet en question ses préjugés sur les jeunes diplômés.She questions her prejudices about recent graduates.

    For harm suffered because of an action, use un préjudice or un dommage, according to context.

  • un biaisautomatically a hostile opiniona bias or systematic distortion

    Le questionnaire présente un biais de sélection.The questionnaire has selection bias.

    For an opinion formed in advance, préjugé is often the clearer word; biais covers wider distortions in judgement and method.

Study the whole phrase
French constructionMeaningExample
subir un préjudicesuffer harm or lossL’association a subi un préjudice financier.
causer un préjudice à quelqu’uncause someone harmCe retard a causé un préjudice au client.
porter préjudice à quelqu’unharm someone’s interestsCette erreur porte préjudice à notre équipe.
avoir des préjugés sur quelqu’unhold preconceived judgements about someoneIl a des préjugés sur les candidats plus âgés.
un biais de sélectiona distortion introduced by selectionLe recrutement peut introduire un biais de sélection.

What is the difference between préjudice and préjugé?

J’avais des préjugés sur les personnes qui changent de métier. Après avoir travaillé avec Nadia, j’ai revu mon jugement.

I had prejudices about people who change careers. After working with Nadia, I revised my judgement.

Madame, une erreur dans mon dossier m’a causé un préjudice financier : j’ai dû payer deux fois les frais d’inscription. Je vous remercie de vérifier ces deux paiements.

Madam, an error in my file caused me financial loss: I had to pay the registration fee twice. Please check these two payments.

Un dommage also describes harm or damage: des dommages matériels can refer to damage to property. Des dommages-intérêts names monetary compensation. Keep the harm separate from the sum requested to compensate for it. In sans préjudice de, the expression means “without affecting” or “without prejudice to” another provision or right; it has a different job from avoir des préjugés.

  • Il faut lutter contre les préjudices envers les personnes âgées.Il faut lutter contre les préjugés envers les personnes âgées.

    For the intended meaning “preconceived judgements about older people”, use préjugés. Préjudices would name harms suffered.

  • L’erreur a causé un préjugé financier.L’erreur a causé un préjudice financier.

    Financial loss is a préjudice financier. A préjugé is a judgement formed in advance.

  • Cette décision porte préjudice notre association.Cette décision porte préjudice à notre association.

    The construction is porter préjudice à quelqu’un. Keep the preposition à.

Question 1No account needed
The intended meaning is a negative judgement held in advance.Elle veut dépasser ses ___ sur les personnes au chômage.

Choose one answer.

Answer and explanation

préjugés. An advance judgement about a group is a préjugé; plural préjugés fits this sentence.

Question 2No account needed
A duplicate charge has caused financial loss.

Choose one answer.

Answer and explanation

un préjudice financier. The sentence concerns loss suffered, which is un préjudice financier.

Question 3No account needed
Choose the complete construction meaning “harms the association’s interests”.

Choose one answer.

Answer and explanation

Cette erreur porte préjudice à l’association.. The fixed expression is porter préjudice à, with à introducing the affected person or organisation.

Question 4No account needed
A recruitment method systematically excludes some candidates. What term names the methodological distortion?

Choose one answer.

Answer and explanation

un biais de sélection. A selection process that distorts who is included introduces un biais de sélection.